What is Scleroderma

Scleroderma is usually a slowly progressive disease where fibrous connective tissue occurs in the skin and often in internal organs and structures. Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease. In an autoimmune disease cells and antibodies arise from and are directed against an individual's own tissues. Scleroderma patients often have two or more of the symptoms described by the CREST syndrome.

CREST is an acronym for the clinical features that are seen in a patient with this disease. The “C” stands for calcinosis, where calcium deposits form under the skin on the fingers or other areas of the body. The “R”, stands for Raynaud’s phenomenon, a spasm of blood vessels in the fingers or toes in response to cold or stress. The “E” represents esophageal dysmotility, which can cause difficulty in swallowing. The “S” is for sclerodactyly, tightening of the skin causing the fingers to bend. Finally, the letter “T” is for telangiectasia, dilated vessels on the skin of the fingers, face, or inside of the mouth.